Ihurizo rikomeye ku cyasimbura inkwi mu nganda z'icyayi mu Rwanda

Mu gihe hatari hagaragara igishobora gusimbuzwa ikoreshwa ry’inkwi mu nganda zitungaya icyayi, inganda zirasabwa  kwiga  uburyo bwo gukoresha  inkwi nkeya ndetse zikanatera amashyamba aho zatemye ibiti kugira ngo mu minsi iri imbere zitazagira ikibazo cy’ibicanwa. Ni mu gihe zimwe muri izi nganda zigaragaza ko inkwi zigenda zihenda cyane uko imyaka yicuma.

Ibiti bikatakasemo ingeri nyinshi bipanze imbere y’imashini yitwa Boiler,ugenekereje  mu Kinyarwanda ni imashini ishyushya. Iyi mashini, Abasore batoranyijwe barayirohamo ibyo biti nta kubibabarira. Uku ni na ko  bitanga inkekwe y’umuriro.

Baracungana n’urushinge rw’igipimo cyitwa bar pressure cy’iyi mashini rugomba kuba ruzamuye ku buryo bitanga dogre 150 z’ubushyuhe.

Ni ukugira ngo hashyushywe amazi ari mu nda y’ iyo mashini ya boiler, namara gushyuha azamure umwuka ushyushye ujye gukubita amababi y’icyayi cyagejejwe mu ruganda  gikamukemo amazi kugira ngo gitangire gusekurwa kugeza aho wowe wicaye ku meza iwawe ubona amajani ugashyiramo isukari ubundi ukagubwa neza.

Imwe mu mashini ishyirwamo inkwi

Ubwinshi bw'inkwi mu nganda

Igihe cyose uruganda ruri gukora, boiler ntijya ihagarara kandi igomba gukoresha inkwi gusa, ibiti by’indobanure byiganjemo ibyitwa eucalyptus (inturusu mu Kinyarwanda).Ibindi biti ngo ntibitanga ingufu nk’iz’inturusu,ariko kandi ngo imyotsi yabyo ishobora kwangiza umwimerere w’icyayi mu gihe icyayi cy’u Rwanda gisanzwe  gikundirwa umuteguro wacyo.

Niyibizi Azarias Umukozi ushinzwe gutunganya icyayi mu ruganda rwa Shagasha ati "Wa mwuka ushyushye iyo tuwohereje hano tuwifashisha mu guhongesha icyayi.Iyo kivuye mu murima kiba gifite amazi 100%,wa mwuka rero icyo udufasha ni ugukamuramo amazi tugasigarana nibura 66% by’amazi ari muri icyo cyayi,ibyo ni byo tuba twemerewe kuba twasekura tukabijyana mu mashini zitunganya icyayi."

Uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Shagasha rukoresha amasiteri ibihumbi 7  by’inkwi ku mwaka kandi rumaze imyaka 57 yose rutanga icyayi,ntirwigeze ruhagarara.Ni ukuvuga ko ugenekereje rumaze gucana amasiteri ibihumbi bikabakaba 400 kugeza ubu n’ubwo uko imyaka ishira rugenda rukoresha make ugereranije na mbere bitewe no kunoza imikorere y’izi mashini zishyirwamo inkwi.

Amasiteri y'inkwi aba ari menshi

Iyi myaka yose ishize ndetse n’indi itazwi iri imbere,inkwi ziracyahanzwe amaso n’uru ruganda kandi ngo ziragenda zihenda uko imyaka yicuma. Amashyamba y’uruganda yonyine ntiyavamo izi nkwi zose kugeza ubwo uru ruganda,mu baturage rugurayo  hafi ½.

Mu gushaka kudakomeza kwizera inkwi gusa,Uruganda rwa Shagasha ngo rwigeze rushaka kugerageza ibindi bicanwa ariko biranga.Rugamba Innocent,umuyobozi wungirije w’uruganda rwa Shagasha.

Niyibizi ati "Hano mu ruganda rwa Shagasha twigeze gushaka gukoresha briquettes zivuye mu bisigazwa by’umuceri hariya mu Bugarama,nta ngufu bitanga ku buryo byahagurutsa uruganda.Hagerageje gukoreshwa ibikomoka ku makawa ibi byose byarananiranye. Wenda ntibyahagarika uruganda ariko impungenge n'ukuntu inkwi zigenda zihenda.Nk’ubu zimaze kuzamukaho 30% igiciro y’inkwi mu mwaka umwe gusa."

Inkwi bazikura he? Kuki zidashira?Ese ko nta gahora gahanze aho nizishira bizagenda bite? 

Uru ruganda ngo rufite ha 350 ziteyeho amashyamba,ndetse banatweretse uruhumbikiro pepiniere irimo ingemwe ibihumbi 100 zizaterwa ejobundi mu kwa 10.Hari ingamba bafashe

"Dufite gahunda y’imyaka 10 yo kuvugurura n’uburyo amashyamba yacu ateye aho buri mwaka dusarura hegitari 35,tugatera ubwoko bw’ibiti butanga za ngufu zikenewe cyane,byatangiye muri 2017,ubu tumaze kugira ha 105,zimaze guterwa mu buryo buvuguruye ndetse n’ubwoko bw’amashyamba meza." Nk'uko Niyibizi yakomeje abisobanura.

Ku ruganda rwa Gisakura  rwo  mu Karere ka Nyamasheke ho bakoresha amasiteri ibihumbi 8  ku mwaka uhereye mu 1975, ni ukuvuga ko kugeza ubu bamaze gukoresha amasiteri ibihumbi  360 kandi bafite ha 276 gusa ziteyeho amashyamba basabwa gutema buri munsi. Aba nabo bibasaba kwifashisha abaturage bakabagemurira inkwi nibura hafi 50% byazo.

Uru ruganda na rwo ruvuga ko gahunda ari iyo gusazura amashyamba no gutera ibiti bishya aho batemye ibindi. Ariko bo bahisemo no gusimbuza imashini ebyiri bakoreshaga babisimbuza indi imwe nshya izarondereza inkwi.

Rugira Gerard ushinzwe imirima muri Gisakura Tea company ati "Twahisemo kugura imashini nshya kuko ziriya mubona hariya zishaje zakoreshaga inkwi nyinshi,nko mu mvura twakoreshaga amasiteri ane kugira ngo dukore toni imwe y’icyayi cyumye ariko mu gihe cy’izuba twari tugeze kuri 3.5 ariko nay o ugasanga ari menshi kuko ubundi twagakoresheje abiri kugira ngo dukore toni imwe y’icyayi cyumye."

Urebye amasiteri y’izi nkwi uko aba apanze mu mahangari yazo kuri izi nganda, watekereza ko zitazanashira,ariko burya  ibi bimashini bya boiler bazishyiramo ngo kimwe gishobora kurya isiteri y’inkwi mu isaha imwe gusa,kandi hari ubwo bakoresha ibimashini bibiri.

Yaba ari uru ruganda rwa Gisakura cyangwa urwa Shagasha, zombi zishishikajwe no  kugabanya inkwi zikoreshwa,ariko ibiti byo biracyari umukinnyi utagira umusimbura.

Izi nganda zigaragaza ko ibiti bihari n’ibyo bari gutera byazabasunika nibura mu myaka 50 iri imbere ndetse no kurengaho. 

Nta bundi buryo bwasimbura inkwi...

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi (NAEB) ari na cyo kinareberera izi nganda, kivuga ko kugeza ubu nta bundi buryo buraboneka bwasimbura inkwi. 

Ikiri gukorwa ubu ahubwo ngo  ni ubushakashatsi ku gukoresha inkwi nkeya nk’uko Sandrine Urujeni,umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ibikorwa aho muri NAEB abivuga. 

Ati "Mu rwego rw’icyayi biracyagoye,ubushakashatsi buracyahari,byagaragaye ko nta zindi ngufu ziragaragara zishoboka zahita zisimbura ibiti uyu munsi.Icyo turi gukora si ubushakashatsi bwo gusimbuza ibiti uyu munsi,ahubwo twakoresha bikeya gute bikaduha ingufu twifuza,so far ni ho ubushakashatsi buri kwibanda cyane."

Mu gihe uyu mugambi wo kurondereza ibiti wagerwaho neza,birashoboka ko nta kibazo cy’ibicanwa cyazigera kiboneka kuko n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga amashyamba Rwanda Forest Authority  kigaragaza ko kugeza ubu ikibazo cy’uko inkwi zishobora kubura nta gihari n’ubwo bitabuza abantu gukomeza kubizirikana.

Mugabo Jean Pierre ni umuyobozi mukuru w’iki kigo. Ati "Icyiza ni uko iyo dufatanyije n’inganda z’icyayi dusaura amashyamba akuze kandi bakaba bagomba kuyasazura bagashyiramo amatoya.Ibyo rero kugeza ubu simbona ko byaba ari ikibazo gusa twifuza ko abakora mu by’ingufu na bo baba barimo bashaka igisubizo kirambye cyatuma inganda z’ibyayi zinakoresha ibiti byinshi zaba ziriho zibona ikindi cyakoreshwa mu gutunganya umusaruro w’icyayi."

      Icyayi kikiri mu murima

Imiterere y’ubuhinzi bw’icyayi iteganya ko buri hegitari 3 z’icyayi zikenera hegitari nibura 1 y’ishyamba. Igiti cy’inturusu gikenerwa cyane muri izi nganda gishobora gusarurwa nyuma y’imyaka 10 gitewe kikaba cyacanwa,naho washaka kukibaza ukagisarura nyuma y’imyaka 15.

Mu Rwanda hose  ubu hari hegitari ibihumbi 724 z’amashyamba yose ari mu gihugu ubariyemo aya leta n’ay’abikorera,aya leta yonyine akaba ari ha ibihumbi 61.

Hari uwatekereza ko ahakoreshwa inkwi hasimbuzwa amashanyarazi,ariko abazobereye mu by’inganda bavuga ko muri izi nganda inkwi zikenerwa nibura kuri 85 % kose, amashanyarazi agakoreshwa ahasigaye.Gukoresha amashayarazi yonyine byasaba ikiguzi kiremereye cyane,ibintu inganda nyinshi zitakwigondera.

    Uruganda rwa Shagasha

Theogene TWIBANIRE