Kwibohora 25: Intambwe idatsikira Leta yateye iha ijambo umugore

Bamwe mu bagore baravuga ko amategeko, inzego na gahunda Leta yashyizeho, byabafashije kwibohora ubujiji n'ubukene.  Bavuga  ko benshi batinyutse, barahaguruka, barakora biteza imbere, banatanga umusanzu mu iterambere ry'Igihugu.

Abagore bagize 52% by'Abanyarwanda bose. Leta y'u Rwanda yasanze igihugu kidashobora gutera imbere, igice kinini cy’abagituye kitabigizemo uruhare.

Kugeza ubu, imibare igaragaza ko abagore bitabiriye imirimo yose ndetse biga n'amashuri ibyiciro birimo n’ibihanitse.

Mukarutamu Josephine ni umubyeyi w'imyaka hafi 50, avuga  ko mbere yumvaga yitinye, ku buryo n'ibyo yakoraga byose atabigeragaho.

Yagize ati “Numvaga ntashobora no kujya no ku isoko, nkumva n'ibyo najyanye ku isoko ntawabigura, kandi narabigerageje, ntandika inyanya, nashyiragaho na nyinshi, ariko nkabona ntibaziguze. nkaba aho ngaho, nkaba mu bwihebe, ibintu byose nkoze nkumva ntabwo binshobokeye, nkumva ntabyo nashobora gukora.”

Ibi kandi ngo byaniyongeraga ku kuba ataragize amahirwe yo kwiga cyane, kuko yize amashuri abanza gusa. Nyuma yo kwegerwa n'inzego z'ubuyobozi, zikamuhugura, zikamugaragariza ko n'umugore ashoboye, kandi ko gutunga urugo atari iby'umugabo gusa, yarahagurutse, yifatanya n'abandi muri koperative yo kuboha uduseke.

Ati “Byaramfashije cyane, byarampinduye n'ubu ngubu nta kindi nshima, nta kindi nshingiraho, ni ubuyobozi bwiza nta n'ikindi navuga. Ubu se iyo batambwira ngo ngwino ujye muri koperative, nari kuguma iyo ngiyo nyine. Nkumva ndi aho, nkumva nta n'ahantu najya, nkumva se najya hehe nkavuga iki! Ariko ibyo byose byatewe n'amahugurwa ahoraho, kwitinyuka, kwigirira ikizere, kwihesha agaciro. Iryo jambo nararyumvise rimbamo cyane.”

Abaturage banyuranye bahamya  ko mbere umugore yari yarasigaye inyuma, kuko yazitirwaga n'amategeko, umuco cyangwa  se uwo bashaka ndetse n'abo mu muryango we, aho atari afite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura ababyeyi be, kutagira konti muri banki umugabo atabimwemereye, nta burenganzira ku mutungo w'urugo rwe n'ibindi.

Mu myaka 25 ishize u Rwanda rwibohoye ibi byagiye bihinduka kandi ngo byazanye impinduka ikomeye mu iterambere ry’ingo n’iry’Igihugu.

Tuyambaze Eugenie utuye mu Karere ka Gatsibo yagize ati “Iki gihe rero abagore, niba ari ya mvugo ngo twarasobanutse, abagore muri iki gihe dufite iterambere pe! Mbese urebye Leta yacu y'ubumwe, yateje umugore imbere. Kubera ko nk'inama tuzijyamo, ugasanga umugore aracuruza, ugasanga umugore ariyitaho, yamenye isuku."

Yunzemo ati “Hari iyindi ntera niyongereyeho, kuko nagiye aho abandi bari, menya uko bakora, menya uko abantu bacuruza, menya uko bakora, mbasha gucuruza, nk'ubu ndishyurira umwana ku ishuri ibihumbi 92,500, nkayishyura ntavunitse.”

Niyigaba Jean Bosco we avuga ko abagore muri iki gihe bigirira icyizere, aho bigaragarira mu mirimo bakora, aho ashimangiraga ko ubuyobozi bubi bwabatsikamiraga.

Nyiramwiza Olive utuye mu Karere ka Gatsibo avuga ko mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi umugore yatsikamirwaga cyane, aho atabashaga kwisanzura ngo agaragaze ibyo ashoboye.

Yagize ati “Umudamu kiriya gihe ntiyabashaga kwisanzura, ngo abe yaba muri kampani  cyangwa koperative nk'iyi, ariko impinduka zabayeho ni ukuvuga ngo turisanga, twahawe ijambo nk'abadamu, ibyo abagabo bashoboye gukora natwe turabikora, ibyo binjije natwe tukabyinjiza mu bushobozi n'imbaraga dufite.”

Amategeko yaravuguruwe

Muri iyi myaka 25, Leta yavuguruye amategeko atandukanye igamije kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abagore no kubaha ijambo.

Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ryashimangiye ihame ry'uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bw'abagore n'abagabo, kandi rinategenya ko mu myanya y’ubuyobozi, abagore bagomba kuba byibuze 30% by’imyanya ihari.

Itegeko ry'izungura n'iry'ubutaka yahaye umugore uburenganzira ku mutungo, naho iry'abantu n'umuryango rimuha uburenganzira bwo gufatanya n'umugabo we ubuyobozi bw'urugo rwabo.

Umugenzuzi Mukuru wungirije w'iyubahirizwa ry'uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bw'abagore n'abagabo mu iterambere ry'igihugu, Mukandasira Caritas yemeza ko izi mpinduka zafashije kongera umubare w'abagore bari mu nzego z'ubuyobozi, zinazamura imibereho y’abagore muri rusange.

Yagize ati “ Tuvuge iyo turebye nk'abafite telephone. Iyo telephone ishobora kubafasha gukora ihererekanya ry'amafaranga, abagore barenze 80% bavuye kuri 30% muri 2012. Urumva icyo cyonyine ni ikintu gishimishije kandi kigaragarira buri wese.”

Yunzemo ati “Icya kabiri, niba umugore ashobora kujya mu bucuruzi, we ubwe yumvikanye n'umugabo, ariko bukaba ubwe avuga ati bunyanditseho, ‘registre de commerce’ (igitabo cy’ubucuruzi) iriho amazina yanjye nk'umugore. Urumva y'uko ni ikintu gikomeye cyane kandi mu myaka yashize utashoboraga kubona abagore nk'abo tubona ubu bajya muri ibyo bikorwa by'ubucuruzi.

Imibare irivugira

Kugeza ubu mu Nteko ishinga amategeko, abagore bavuye kuri 14% mu 1994 bagera kuri 61.3%, mu gihe muri Sena abagore ari 38%.

Muri guverinoma abagore ni 50%, mu bucamanza ni 49.6% mu gihe mu buyobozi bw'inama njyanama z'uturere abagore ari 41%.

Mu burezi abakobwa bitabira amashami y’imibare, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bavuye kuri 56.7% muri 2015 bagera kuri 63.9% muri 2018, na ho abitabira amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro bavuye 41.8% muri 2015 bagera kuri 43.8% muri 2018, mu gihe abagore bigisha muri aya mashuri bavuye kuri 32.9% muri 2010 bakagera kuri 42.7% muri 2018.

Abagore 60% (59.99%) bafite ubutaka basangiye n'abo bashakanye mu gihe 24.63% bafite ubutaka bihariye. Ibi bigatuma 38% by'abagore bakorana n'ibigo by'imari, batanze ingwate ku butaka bwabo. Abagore bakorana n'ibigo by'imari na bo bikubye 2 mu myaka 4, aho bavuye kuri 36% muri 2012 bagera kuri 63% muri 2016.

Inkuru ya Jeannette Uwababyeyi